Normalizing, tseem hu ua normalization, yog kom sov lub workpiece rau Ac3 (Ac hais txog qhov kawg kub uas tag nrho cov dawb ferrite hloov mus rau hauv austenite thaum cua sov, feem ntau ntawm 727 ° C mus rau 912 ° C) los yog Acm (Acm yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb. cua sov, cov kab kub tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav austenitization ntawm hypereutectoid steel yog 30 ~ 50 ℃ saum 30 ~ 50 ℃ Tom qab tuav rau ib Lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm, cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov hlau yog tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov cub thiab txias los ntawm cov dej txau, txau los yog cua tshuab nws lub hom phiaj yog ua kom cov nplej refinement thiab carbide tis sib txawv ntawm normalizing thiab annealing yog qhov normalizing txias tus nqi yog me ntsis sai dua qhov annealing cua txias tus nqi, yog li cov qauv normalizing yog finer tshaj lub annealing qauv, thiab nws mechanical zog kuj tseem zoo dua, ntxiv rau, sab nraud txias ntawm normalizing Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis siv cov cuab yeej siv, thiab cov khoom tsim tau siab yog li ntawd, normalizing yog siv ntau li ntau tau los hloov cov annealing hauv ntau lawm. Rau qhov tseem ceeb forgings nrog cov duab complex, kub tempering (550-650 ° C) yog yuav tsum tau tom qab normalizing. Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tempering yog tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm normalizing txias thiab txhim kho toughness thiab plasticity. Tom qab normalizing kev kho mob ntawm qee qhov qis-alloy kub-kuav los tiag steel daim hlau, qis-alloy steel forgings thiab castings, cov khoom siv txhua yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo, thiab kev ua haujlwm txiav kuj tseem txhim kho.
① Normalization siv rau cov pa roj carbon tsawg, lub hardness tom qab normalizing yog me ntsis siab dua li ntawm annealing, thiab lub toughness kuj zoo. Nws tuaj yeem siv ua pretreatment rau txiav.
② Normalization siv rau nruab nrab carbon steel, nws tuaj yeem hloov kho quenching thiab tempering (quenching + high temperature tempering) raws li kev kho cua sov zaum kawg, lossis raws li kev kho mob ua ntej ua ntej quenching los ntawm induction cua sov.
③ normalization siv nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej steel, bearing steel, carburized steel, thiab lwm yam., yuav txo tau los yog inhibit qhov tsim ntawm network carbides, thiaj li yuav tau ib tug zoo qauv yuav tsum tau rau spheroidizing annealing.
④ Normalization siv rau steel castings, nws tuaj yeem kho cov qauv zoo li-cam khwb cia thiab txhim kho qhov kev ua tau zoo.
⑤ Normalization siv rau forgings loj, tuaj yeem siv los ua kev kho cua sov zaum kawg, kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tawg loj dua thaum lub sijhawm quenching.
⑥ Kev ua haujlwm zoo siv rau cov hlau nplaum los txhim kho hardness, lub zog, thiab hnav tsis kam, xws li kev tsim cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li crankshafts thiab txuas rods ntawm tsheb, tsheb laij teb, thiab diesel xyaw.
⑦ Cov txheej txheem normalizing yog ua ntej spheroidizing annealing ntawm cov hlau hypereutectoid, uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm lub network thib ob cementite kom ntseeg tau tias cov cementite yog tag nrho cov spheroidized thaum lub sij hawm spheroidizing annealing.
Cov qauv tom qab normalizing: Hypoeutectoid steel yog ferrite + pearlite, eutectoid steel yog pearlite, hypereutectoid steel yog pearlite + secondary cementite, thiab nws yog discontinuous.
Normalizing yog tsuas yog siv rau steel workpieces. Normalizing steel zoo ib yam li annealing, tab sis qhov cua txias yog siab dua thiab cov qauv zoo dua. Qee cov hlau uas muaj qhov ntsuas cua txias tsawg heev tuaj yeem hloov cov austenite rau hauv martensite thaum txias hauv huab cua. Qhov kev kho no tsis yog normalizing, tab sis hu ua cua quenching. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, ib co loj-section workpieces ua los ntawm cov hlau nrog ib tug loj tseem ceeb txias tus nqi yuav tsis tau martensite txawm tias quenched nyob rau hauv dej, thiab cov nyhuv quenching yog ze rau normalizing. Lub hardness ntawm steel tom qab normalizing yog siab dua li ntawm annealing. Thaum normalizing, nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau txias lub workpiece nrog lub cub tawg zoo li annealing. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob siv sijhawm luv luv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm yog siab. Yog li ntawd, normalizing feem ntau yog siv ntau li ntau tau los hloov annealing nyob rau hauv ntau lawm. Rau cov hlau tsis muaj carbon tsawg nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg dua 0.25%, qhov hardness ua tiav tom qab normalizing yog nruab nrab, uas yooj yim dua rau kev txiav dua annealing, thiab normalizing feem ntau yog siv los npaj rau kev txiav thiab ua haujlwm. Rau nruab nrab carbon steel nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm 0.25 mus rau 0.5%, nws kuj tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau txiav tom qab normalizing. Rau lub teeb-loaded qhov chaw ua los ntawm cov hlau no, normalizing kuj siv tau raws li qhov kawg kev kho cua sov. Normalizing ntawm high-carbon cuab yeej steel thiab bearing steel yog tshem tawm network carbides nyob rau hauv lub koom haum thiab npaj lub koom haum rau spheroidizing annealing.
Rau kev kho cua sov zaum kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo tib yam, txij li cov khoom ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo dua li lub xeev annealed, normalizing tuaj yeem siv los ua kev kho cua sov zaum kawg rau qee qhov qauv zoo tib yam uas tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm tsawg los txo qhov tus naj npawb ntawm cov txheej txheem, Txuag lub zog thiab txhim kho kev tsim khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau qee qhov loj lossis qhov nyuaj, thaum quenching yog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev tawg, normalizing feem ntau tuaj yeem hloov quenching thiab tempering raws li qhov kawg kev kho cua sov.
Txhawm rau tswj cov hlau castings nrog cov cuab yeej zoo, muaj ntau qhov kev tshaj tawm txog kev kho cua sov kom zoo.
1. Ua kom zoo ntawm cov hlau Castings nyob rau hauv qhov cub
Thaum normalizing kev kho mob, cov hlau castings yuav tsum tau kho nyob rau hauv tej txoj hauj lwm. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem nyob random. Ib txoj hauj lwm zoo thaum lub sij hawm normalizing tuaj yeem ua rau thaj tsam ntawm steel peev castings tshav kub kho homogeneously.
2. Xav txog qhov sib txawv thiab cov phab ntsa tuab ua ntej cua sov
Rau cov hlau castings nrog cov duab ntev lossis nyias txoj kab uas hla, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso lawv kom zoo kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis xws luag. Yog tias cov hlau castings nrog cov seem me me thiab cov seem loj yog cov cua sov hauv tib lub qhov cub, cov castings nrog cov seem me me yuav tsum muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ntawm qhov cub. Rau cov hlau castings nyuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg uas muaj cov duab hollow, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau preheat cov castings ua ntej thiab tom qab ntawd ua kom qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov no yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv cov hlau castings tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem cua sov ceev.
3. Lub Txias Tom Qab Li Cas
Tom qab normalizing, cov hlau castings yuav tsum tau muab cais rau hauv av qhuav. Rhaub castings tsis tuaj yeem sib tshooj, lossis muab tso rau hauv av ntub. Cov no yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov txias ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov castings. Cov cua txias ntawm cov ntu sib txawv yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov nyuaj ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawd.
Feem ntau, qhov kub ntawm cov dej tsis tuaj yeem siab tshaj 40 ℃. Qhov kub ntawm cov roj yog tsawg dua 80 ℃.
4. Normalizing rau Castings ntawm txawv steel qib
Yog tias qhov ntsuas kub xav tau rau cov hlau castings nrog cov khoom sib txawv yog tib yam, lawv tuaj yeem raug kho rau hauv ib qhov cub. Los yog, lawv yuav tsum tau ua kom sov raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov qib sib txawv.
Post lub sij hawm: Jun-27-2021