Nyob rau hauv cov hlau foundry, tus yuam sij kom ntseeg tau qhovzoo ntawm castingsnyob rau hauv kev txhim kho kev paub zoo ntawm tag nrho cov neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub enterprise, ntxiv dag zog rau kev saib xyuas thiab kev tswj ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm castings, stabilizing cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, npaj civilized ntau lawm, thiab txais yuav advanced ntau lawm technology thiab cov cuab yeej ntau li ntau tau, nruab nrog txaus kev tshuaj xyuas zoo rau cov txheej txheem zoo thiab casting zoo.
Kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo txhua yam Kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuab ua haujlwm yog ua nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub. Cov khoom kuaj feem ntau suav nrog lub zog tensile, lub zog tawm los, elongation tom qab tawg, txo qhov chaw, deflection, cuam tshuam nqus (los yog cuam tshuam toughness) thiab hardness. Lub zog tensile, lub zog tawm los, elongation tom qab tawg, thiab txo qhov chaw yog ntsuas ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas tensile; Kev cuam tshuam kev nqus los yog cuam tshuam toughness yog ntsuas ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam; deflection thiab dabtsi yog khoov lub zog yog ntsuas los ntawm transverse dabtsi yog khoov txoj kev kuaj; hardness ntsuas los ntawm hardness tester.
1. Lub zog tensile
Cov qauv tensile ntawm cam khwb cia hlau yog machined los ntawm cylindrical ib leeg cam khwb cia hlau los yog txuas cam khwb cia xeem tuav. Qhov txoj kab uas hla ntawm ib qho kev xeem casting bar yog 30 hli, thiab nws yog poured nyob rau hauv tib batch raws li cov casting nyob rau hauv ntsug casting qhuav xuab zeb pwm. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov sib npaug yog 20 hli ± 0.5 hli. Thaum lub zog dabtsi yog khoov thiab deflection yog siv raws li qhov kev lees paub ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm qhov casting, qhov kev ntsuas dabtsi yog khoov tuaj yeem ua tiav, thiab cov qauv dabtsi yog khoov ncaj qha txais cov ntawv xeem raws li-cam khwb cia dawb nrog lub cheeb ntawm 30 mm ± 1mm. Cov duab, qhov loj thiab qhov zoo ntawm tensile test specimens, bending test specimens thiab as-cast blank test bars, tensile test and bending test method, technical specifications for the test machine, and ladies and processing of measurement results yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv kev lag luam. .
Tensile xeem txoj kev ntawm lwm cam khwb cia hlau thiab alloys (nrog rau qhov loj me me ntawm tensile qauv, clamping txoj kev, xeem tus nqi, kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev ntsuam xyuas tau rounding thiab ua, thiab lwm yam), thiab hom thiab cross-section ntawm tensile specimens thiab cov duab , ntsuas qhov ntev, qhov loj me, thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm CBT228-200 "Metallic Material Tensile Test Method at Room Temperature". Cov qauv tsis raug tso cai kom muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv, cov kab nrib pleb, cov riam hlais loj, pom tseeb deformation thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag. Cov xuab zeb nplaum, fins, burrs thiab lwm yam nqaij tsis xws luag thiab adhesions ntawm tus qauv yuav tsum raug tshem tawm. Tensile specimens tuaj yeem raug txiav los ntawm ib qho kev xeem cam khwb cia, txuas cam khwb cia sim thaiv lossis lub cev casting. Hom, cov duab thiab qhov loj me ntawm ib qho kev sim casting thaiv thiab txuas nrog qhov kev sim casting thaiv, txoj haujlwm txiav thiab kev taw qhia ntawm cov qauv tensile, txoj kev sib txuas thiab qhov chaw sib txuas ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm qhov kev sib tw casting thiab lub cev casting, yuav tsum raug xaiv los yog pom zoo los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom. thiab tus neeg yuav khoom raws li tus txheej txheem casting. Thaum lub casting xav tau kev kho cua sov, ib qho kev sim casting thaiv yuav tsum tau kho cua sov nyob rau hauv tib lub cub tawg raws li lub casting, thiab cov ntawv txuas txuas yuav tsum raug txiav tawm tom qab kev kho cua sov. Tensile specimens ntawm nkig thiab tawv cov ntaub ntawv xws li dawb cam khwb cia hlau yuav ua tau raws li-cam khwb cia cylindrical specimens, los yog tensile specimens uas tau annealed thiab ua tiav los ntawm machining thiab tshav kub kho nyob rau hauv tib lub cub tawg li lub casting. Cov qauv zoo, qhov loj me, kev xav tau thiab kev kho cua sov tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau sib tham los ntawm ob tog.
2. Kev cuam tshuam lub zog
Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas cuam tshuam yog siv los txiav txim siab qhov cuam tshuam lub zog nqus thaum cov qauv cuam tshuam tawg nyob rau hauv qhov kev cuam tshuam thib ob. Lub tshuab kuaj qhov cuam tshuam yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm GB / T 3808-2002 "Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Pendulum Impact Testing Machine" thiab yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas ib ntus los ntawm lub teb chaws metrology department. Cov qauv cuam tshuam tau muab faib ua V-notch cuam tshuam cov qauv, U-notch impact samples thiab non-notch impact samples. Grey cam khwb cia hlau txais cov khoom siv tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam cylindrical, uas yog machined los ntawm cov hlau nrum dawb paug nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 30 hli. Qhov nominal nplai yog 420 mm × 120 mm. Cov txheej txheem casting ntawm qhov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob Kev cuam tshuam cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv tawv tawv thiab tawv xws li cov hlau cam dawb tuaj yeem ua tsis tau raws li cov qauv pov tseg, lossis cov qauv tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo uas tau muab tshem tawm thiab ua tiav los ntawm machining thiab kub kho nyob rau hauv tib lub cub tawg nrog cov casting. Cov duab, qhov loj me thiab kev xav tau ntawm cov qauv yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev thov. Lwm yam cam khwb cia hlau thiab alloys yog U-zoo li tej yam specimens (feem ntau yog siv rau cam khwb cia hlau thiab alloys nrog loj notch rhiab heev) los yog V-zoo li tus tej yam specimens yog siv raws li tus qauv tawm tsam.
U-puab lossis V-zoo li tus qauv tuaj yeem raug coj los ntawm ib leeg-cam khwb cia sim blocks (rods), txuas-cast test blocks (rods) lossis casting lub cev. Qhov chaw kuaj thiab cov kev taw qhia, hom, hom, qhov loj me thiab cov txheej txheem casting ntawm ib qho kev sim ntsuas qhov thaiv (qhib) thiab txuas nrog qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas (qws), thiab txoj kev sib txuas thiab qhov chaw sib txuas ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm qhov kev sim thaiv (qhib) thiab cov casting lub cev yuav tsum ua raws li cov khoom siv thiab cov neeg xav tau Cov txheej txheem casting raug xaiv los yog pom zoo. Rau cov castings uas xav tau kev kho cua sov, qhov txuas txuas txuas yuav tsum raug txiav tawm tom qab kev kho cua sov, thiab ib qho kev sim cam khwb cia (bar) yuav tsum tau kho cua sov nyob rau hauv tib lub cub tawg raws li cov casting. Qhov nominal loj ntawm V-zoo li tus thiab U-shaped notch tej yam qauv qauv yog 10mm × 10mm × 50mm, thiab lub nominal notch qhov tob: V-shaped notch tob yog 2mm; U-shaped notch qhov tob yog 2mm thiab 5mm. Qhov ntev ntev, qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam, cov xwm txheej, txoj hauv kev thiab kev kho mob ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev sim yuav tsum ua raws li GB / T 229-2007 "Charpy Pendulum Impact Test Method for Metallic Materials" Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov cuam tshuam cov qauv txiav los ntawm ib qho kev sim casting thaiv (qhib) thiab txuas nrog qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas (qws) yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov txheej txheem casting. los yog daim ntawv cog lus. Qhov cuam tshuam kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub cev qauv yuav tsum tau sib tham los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom thiab tus neeg yuav khoom raws li tus qauv kev coj ua.
3. Hardness
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los txiav txim siab qhov nyuaj ntawm castings: Brinell hardness method thiab Rockwell hardness method. Hard thiab brittle casting alloys feem ntau yog ntsuas los ntawm Rockwell hardness txoj kev, thiab lwm yam casting alloys feem ntau ntsuas los ntawm Brinell hardness txoj kev. Rau cov cam khwb cia hlau nrog cov qauv metallographic xws li cam khwb cia hlau, muaj qee qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm Rockwell hardness, Brinell hardness thiab tensile zog. Xa mus rau GB / T112-199 "Ferrous Metal Hardness thiab Strength Conversion Value" thiab GB / T 3771-1983 "Copper alloy hardness and strength conversion value".
Brinell hardness txoj kev siv lub pob cemented carbide nrog ib txoj kab uas hla los nias nws mus rau saum npoo ntawm cov qauv nrog rau qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov ntsuas. Tom qab lub sijhawm tuav lub sijhawm, tshem tawm lub zog ntsuas, ntsuas qhov indentation txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus qauv, thiab faib lub zog ntsuas los ntawm lub zog ntsuas. Cov quotient tau txais los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntsej muag kheej kheej ntawm qhov indentation sawv cev rau Brinell hardness tus nqi, thiab lub cim yog HBW, uas yog tsim rau cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov Brinell hardness tus nqi tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 650. Cov cuab yeej, cov qauv, cov qauv kev xeem thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem ntawm Brinell hardness test yuav tsum ua raws li GB/T 231.1-2002 "Hlau Brinell Hardness Part I: "Test Method". Brinell hardness test tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm cov qauv tensile, cuam tshuam cov qauv, castings lossis tshwj xeeb cam khwb cia hardness test blocks yuav tsum du thiab tiaj tus, tsis muaj nplai thiab cov av txawv teb chaws los yog sib tham los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom thiab tus neeg yuav khoom Lub Rockwell hardness txoj kev yog nias lub pob zeb diamond cone indenter lossis steel pob indenter rau saum npoo ntawm cov qauv hauv qab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm thawj zaug load. thiab tag nrho cov load (sib npaug rau thawj load ntxiv rau lub ntsiab load), thiab ces tshem tawm lub ntsiab load, thiab ntsuas ntawm thawj load. Qhov tob indentation nyob rau hauv load nce tus nqi e, thiab tus nqi e yog siv los xam cov Rockwell hardness.
Rockwell hardness sib txawv raws li qhov ntsuas siv. Cov nplais siv feem ntau yog HRA, HRB thiab HRC. HRB txais steel pob indenter nrog hardness tus nqi = 130-c; HRA thiab HRC txais yuav pob zeb diamond cone indenter nrog hardness tus nqi = 100-e. Lub ntsiab load ntawm HRA yog 490.3N, thiab qhov ntsuas ntau yog 60 ~ 85HRA; Lub ntsiab load ntawm HRC yog 1373N, thiab qhov ntsuas ntau yog 20 ~ 67HRC. Cov cuab yeej, cov qauv, cov qauv ntsuas thiab cov qauv kev sim siv hauv Rockwell hardness test, nrog rau kev kho cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem yuav tsum ua raws li GB/T 230.1-2004 "Hlau Rockwell Hardness Part 1: Test Method (A, B, C)" , D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T Scale). Kev xaiv ntawm cov qauv, qhov chaw kuaj thiab cov kev xav tau rau qhov kev xeem nto ntawm Rockwell hardness test yog tib yam li Brinell hardness test.
Ntxiv rau Brinell hardness thiab Rockwell hardness, hardness ntawm hlau kuj tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm Shore hardness (HS) thiab Vickers hardness (HV). Kev ntsuas cov Shore hardness ntawm cov hlau yuav tsum tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm GB / T 4341-2001 "Hloov Shore Hardness Test Method". Kev txiav txim siab ntawm Vickers hardness ntawm cov hlau yuav tsum ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm GB / T 4340.1-1999 "Hloov Vickers Hardness Test Part 1: Test Method". Ntau hom hardness testers yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas ib ntus los ntawm lub teb chaws metrology department raws li cov qauv tsim nyog.
Post lub sij hawm: Nov-05-2021